Thyroid gland puncture

author: doctor Saplonov KN

The method of puncturing the tissue of the thyroid gland and its subsequent investigation under a microscope has found a wide distribution in the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland. The study of the obtained tissue of the gland allows to know not only the nature of the disease (benign or malignant tumor), but also to clarify the tissue belonging of the tumor.

The procedure is fairly simple, in most cases it has no contraindications and is performed in a polyclinic. Puncture is done by the usual needle, which is made by intramuscular injection. Anesthesia is not required.

Features

The informativeness of the methodology depends on two conditions:

1) technically correct tissue sampling for research.

2) the level of qualification of the cytologist.

Indications for puncture of the thyroid nodule

Since the method makes it possible to identify from which tissue the pathological formation consists, the indications for the puncture are as follows:

1) there is a single node in the gland tissue (a cold node that does not accumulate radioactive iodine).

2) if there are several nodes, when there is a probability of malignant process.

3) autoimmune thyroiditis;

4) the presence of nodes on the neck of a metastatic nature, when it is necessary to identify where the tumor metastasized (hidden thyroid cancer).

5) clinically visible malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland, including those that are not subject to surgical treatment. When it is necessary to find out what tissue the tumor consists of.

6) relapse of adenomas, goiter and malignant tumors.

Diagnostic Objective

It should be noted that in cases of recurrence of the process after the surgical removal of thyroid tumors, the method of puncture biopsy of the palpable node is of decisive importance in diagnosing when there may be a true tumor recurrence or compensatory hyperplasia of the thyroid left after the first intervention.

Puncture research is possible not only with palpable tumors (when nodes are less than 1 cm, and located in the thickness of the gland). Such nodes are punctured under ultrasonic control.

The number of errors in diagnoses with puncture biopsy of the gland in most cases is determined by the quality of the collected material and the qualification of the cytologist's physician. On how to do a puncture of the thyroid gland correctly read the link.

Aspiration puncture biopsy

Aspiration puncture biopsy is currently a highly valuable and informative method in the diagnosis of nodular formations in the gland prior to surgery. This method accurately determines the malignant or benign nature of the tumor. It is of decisive importance in the selection of therapeutic tactics for single or multiple nodes of the gland. There are doctors who prefer to make a puncture biopsy with a special needle, which is called trephine.

With this needle, a tissue site of 2.5 mm in diameter is obtained, which is examined histologically (under a microscope). This technique is called trepanobiopsy.

This technique is more informative, but is unnecessarily traumatic.

Fine needle puncture biopsy

Fine needle puncture biopsy (the method of obtaining tissue by puncturing an organ or tissue with a special needle) is more preferable and has the following advantages:

1) the method is completely safe;

2) it is possible to repeat the puncture;

3) you can perform punctures in several areas of the gland.

Also, do not forget about the complications of puncture of the thyroid gland , which are not only with fine needle puncture biopsy.